De-Lcing Salt

De-icing is defined as removal of snow, ice or frost from a surface. Anti-icing is understood to be the application of chemicals that not only de-ice, but also remain on a surface and continue to delay the reformation of ice for a certain period of time, or prevent adhesion of ice to make mechanical removal easier.

De-icing can be accomplished by mechanical methods (scraping, pushing); through the application of heat; by use of dry or liquid chemicals designed to lower the freezing point of water (various salts or brines, alcohols, glycols); or by a combination of these different techniques.

Anti-icing of aircraft is accomplished by applying a protective layer, using a viscous fluid called anti-ice fluid, over a surface to absorb the contaminate. All anti-ice fluids offer only limited protection, dependent upon frozen contaminant type and prevailing weather conditions. A fluid has failed when it no longer can absorb the contaminant and it essentially becomes a contaminant itself. Even water can be a contaminant in this sense, as it dilutes the anti-icing agent until it is no longer effective.

De-icing of roads has traditionally been done with salt, spread by snowplows or dump trucks designed to spread it, often mixed with sand and gravel, on slick roads. Sodium chloride (rock salt) is normally used, as it is inexpensive and readily available in large quantities. However, since salt water still freezes at −18 °C (0 °F), it is of no help when the temperature falls below this point. It also has a strong tendency to cause corrosion, rusting the steel used in most vehicles and the rebar in concrete bridges. Depending on the concentration, it can be toxic to some plants and animals, and some urban areas have moved away from it as a result. More recent snowmelters use other salts, such as calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, which not only depress the freezing point of water to a much lower temperature, but also produce an exothermic reaction. They are somewhat safer for sidewalks, but excess should still be removed

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Salt Lamp

The salt that is produced by mother natures has a rich and deep history. Since the beginning of time salt was an important element for creatures that roam the earth. In ancient times, Crystal Salt was also known as King Salt. It was only used for royalty because of its demand and rarity. Common man had access to Rock Salt which is less refine. Salt has played a major role not only in dining, but also in medicines.

In today time Natural Salt is highly desired. Natural salt is obtained in raw condition and then it is passed through various processes to get the form of edible salt. Scientist and people alike have discovered the benefits of Natural Salt Crystals. Currently there has been a movement that demands more products from Salt Crystals. Crystal salt lamps are very popular worldwide.

The beautiful salt for making Rock salt lamp is located at the foothills of lush Himalaya. Himalayan range carries slabs of salt in variety of beautiful colors. The most popular is a range from Orange to Red. Himalayan range of mountains in located in Pakistan is where the majority of lamps come from.

We have been involved in the production of Salt Crystal Lamps for over 4 years. We also produce Rock Salt Candle Holders and Bath Salt in various sizes and shapes. The salt we collect is from the mountains of Himalaya. This Himalaya salt is one of the best salt in the world full of minerals. The greatest advantages of our products are high quality and broad selection of lamp models. We try to be flexible and adjust to our clients needs we cooperate with wholesale buyers, retail shops and individual clients.

Himalayan salt lamps and Salt Tea Light are made with the salt obtained from slabs of salt obtained from Himalayan range of mountains. It is first chipped, carved by hand and then a drill on the bottom to connect the light cord. The final effect is a lamp that creates a beautiful glow.

These salt crystal lamps are considered natural air ionizers. These crystal salt lamps create negative ions in the air which help in getting rid of impurities present in the air. It all naturally cleanses the air in environment that is located. Rock salt lamp also eliminates computer radiations. Salt lamps can be used in offices as well as in homes as they restore and endorse energy.

Salt candle holders are striking as well as beneficial. These salt candle holders produce negative ions when get warm and purify the air. They also put an end to the humidity in the room. In addition remove computer radiations from the place where these salt candle holders are placed. These decorative salt candle holders are the best alternative for giving to friends and family. It�s a gift that keeps on giving!

With the help of bath salt crystals, various ailments can be treated such as arthritis, aches, respiratory problems and muscles spasms as well as insomnia. If you are mentally or physically tired, a crystal bath salt is just the ticket. It is an old remedy and has been used by people for a very long time.

From the deep Himalayan mountains, Salt Lamp For less went to the source and got the material to manufacture our wonderful lamps. We have the best quality and Unbeatable prices for your own personal salt lamps!

Himalayan natural salt lamps are suitable for daily use near televisions and computers, around smokers, in offices, in therapy rooms to promote relaxation and healing. They will give relief from hay fever, sinus problems, allergies, asthma attacks and increase alertness.

Wholesale salt lamps can be imported in bulks for pricing refer to saltlampforless.com. This website has crystal salt lamps and salt candle holders available at wholesale rates. This is the best and the only website which provides comprehensive information about salt lamps and salt candle holders. Thus, if you want to purchase salt lamps or salt candle holders at reduce rates, saltlamp for less is your supplier.

Basically anywhere there is a desire to restore or preserve the natural air quality. The Handy Tan System Kit is a must try airbrush tanning sprayer.Perfect for airbrush tanning on the go. Get the perfect tan at home.

Products Of Salt Lamps:

Salt Bricks And Tiles

Searching for an artful new way to cook and serve your favorite dishes? Himalayan Pink Salt Slabs, Plates, and Bricks are nature’s cook top and serving platter in one, offering many creative culinary uses while delivering the benefits of natural, pure salt with no chemicals or additives. Heat your Himalayan salt slab, plate, or brick to high temperatures and sear thinly sliced meats, fish, vegetables, seafood and other quick-cooking foods. Or, chill it for use in serving sushi, appetizers, cold meats and cheeses, fresh fruit and vegetables, and even cold desserts.

Salt Crafted Animals

CM Enterprises is known as one of the largest exportes of Natural Salt products. Industry quality controll proceadures are ensured from salt extraction from mines through export. We have exported our products around the world and is famous for its qualty, committment, designs and styles of salt products & fair business dealings.

Salt Candle Holder

A salt lamp is simply a chunk of mined salt that has been hollowed out to allow room for a lightbulb or tiny candle. The light glows through the medium of the salt crystal, which can range in color from a dark salmon pink to a pale orange. Salt crystals for salt lamps are mined in Russia and central Europe as well as in the Himalayas. Salt lamps make attractive accent lights. Their main attraction, however, is that the heating of the salt causes the crystal to release negative ions (often called simply ‘ions.

Crafted Salt Lamps

A salt lamp is simply a chunk of mined salt that has been hollowed out to allow room for a lightbulb or tiny candle. The light glows through the medium of the salt crystal, which can range in color from a dark salmon pink to a pale orange. Salt crystals for salt lampsare mined in Russia and central Europe as well as in the Himalayas. Salt lamps make attractive accent lights. Their main attraction, however, is that the heating of the salt causes the crystal to release negative ions (often called  

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Natural Salt Lamps

The Himalayan Salt is one of the best salt in the world full of minerals and having purity more than 98.5%. By paying more, we select only the finest quality of Crystal Salt having nice warm Pink colour and greater purity. Being Manufacturers we offer unbeatable Prices with top quality Products and excellent services. Our purpose built factory is well equipped with latest machines and highly skilled workers to produce these beautiful and stunning Salt Lamps

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Animal Licking Salt

A mineral lick (also known as salt lick or natural lick) is a natural mineral deposit where animals in nutrient-poor ecosystems can obtain essential mineral nutrients. In an ecosystem, salt/mineral licks often occur naturally, providing the sodium, calcium, iron, phosphorus and zinc required in the springtime for bone, muscle and other growth in deer and other wildlife, such as moose, elephants, Tapir, cattle, woodchucks, domestic sheep, fox squirrels, mountain goats and porcupines. Harsh weather exposes salty mineral deposits that draw animals from miles away for a taste of needed nutrients. It is thought that certain fauna can detect calcium in salt licks.

Many animals regularly visit mineral licks to consume clay, supplementing their diet with nutrients and minerals. Some animals require the minerals at these sites not for nutrition, but to ward off the effects of secondary compounds that are included in the arsenal of plant defences against herbivory.The mineral contents of these sites usually contain calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S) phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sodium (Na). Mineral lick sites play a critical role in the ecology and diversity of organisms that visit these sites, however, little is still understood about the dietary benefits. “The adjectives ‘mineral’ and ‘salt’ bear witness to the common proposition, in the ecological literature, that animals eat soil to satisfy a craving for nutrient minerals, resulting from inadequate forage. However, for wild animals which frequent licks, sodium (Na) is the only mineral identified so far, with strong evidence that an extra supply is indeed needed and sought in some cases.

People use salt licks to attract or maintain wildlife, whether it be for viewing, photography, farming, or hunting purposes. Maintaining artificial salt licks as a form of baiting is illegal in some states, but legal in others. It is important to check local laws before creating a lick

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Edible Salt

There are various grades available for the edible market. We at Cm Enterprises have recently started marketing of edible salt under our own brand of Cm Enterprises-SALT and are also providing to many packers and suppliers. Our edible grades are used in numerous food related industries like bread making, confectionery, bakery, cereals, butter and cheese, pickles and spices, etc.

Salt is used in the bread manufacturing for the stability of the wheat gluten and helps to lower the rate of fermentation. Salt acts as a starter in the culture of micro-organisms and helps modifying enzyme activity in the production of cheese. In pickles, salt helps in controlling the microbiological and pyrogenic growth, and thus provides the conditions conducive for fermentation.

Fleur de Sel is a rare and very special sea salt and is a gift from nature. Cm Enterprises SALT can boast of a very high quality of the fleur de Sel harvested by it.

Cm Enterprises- is also in the manufacturing and research of fortified salts like :-

Iodized Salt which is fortified with Iodine and is essential for the prevention of Goiter. In Pakistan, an estimated 20 million people are residing in the endemic goitrous areas and about 8 million of these are suffering from one or other form of (IDD) Iodine Deficiency Disorders. One million of these people are victims of mental retardation, which effects school performance and other activities adversely. Use of Iodized Salt is the easiest and cheapest means for the supplementation of Iodine. The recommended concentration of Iodine is 70 parts per million in Salt at the manufacturing stage.

Fluoridated Salt is fortified by adding measured amount of Sodium Fluoride in dry salt. This product is not being marketed at this time but the product is ready for production. All the possible testing have been developed for the proper quality maintenance during production with excellent in-house quality assurance which will guarantee the production of this grade of Edible salt according to our TQM programs. It is an accepted fact that if the ORAL HEALTH is neglected and not taken care of promptly, it can result in tooth loss or decay, which means visits to the dentist. A recent research has shown a strong positive association between oral health status and systemic health involving the cardiovascular and other general body systems. The research confirms the association between periodontal infections, untreated caries and cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes and even in many cases some complications in pregnancy.

Proper intake of Fluoride and getting rid of the deficiency can help us in the prevention of the above mentioned diseases. The first international symposium on Salt Fluoridation concluded that :-

“Table salt is an ideal vehicle for administering Fluoride, and salt fluoridation is an effective and safe measure for partial control of dental caries. Its wider use should be encouraged and supported”

Double Fortified (Iron And Iodine)

CM Enterprises is involved in the research for the fortification of salt with Iron as well as Iodine, simultaneously. The basic idea of double fortification of salt was conceived firstly by the many researchers who are busy in this activity for the last 20 years. The major problem being faced was the interaction between Iodine and Iron which results in loss of Iodine. We have, Alhamdollilah, developed the process and now double fortified salt with Iron and Iodine is available in two different grades

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Rocks Salt

This is the common name for the mineral “halite”. Its chemical formula is NaCl. You might know this substance as table salt. and… Actually, rock salt is not K2SO4; it is NaCl. It can have impurities of gypsum (CaSO4) and sylvite (KCl) but it is very rare to find potassium sulfate as a mineral, although occasionally polyhalite (K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4.2H2O) is found associated with rock salt deposits. It is formed by the evaporation of salty water (such as sea water) which contains dissolved Na+ and Cl- ions.

Rock salt found in Pakistan is without any doubt the best in the world .The purity of the best quality of rock salt found is above 99% and the levels of impurities are also very very low.

The quality of Rock salt as far as crystals is concerned can be found here of four different types including pink, and white solid crystal and the other two available are soft lump and soft crystalline lump. The soft crystalline lump is so soft that it can be very easily broken down to tiny crystals by ones own hands.

 Pakistan is known for its famous salt range stretching from Kalabagh to Jhelum covering the districts of Mianwali, Chakwal and Jhelum in the Province of Punjab. In the Province of NWFP Geological surveys of the PMDC Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation have determined the existence of 2.65 billion tons alone in this area only. Reserves at Bahadurkhel in Kohat are estimated to be 10.54 billion tons.

The overall scenario here at the salt range mining site is that it is very very under utilized and the production here is too small keeping in view the deposits of this most important mineral.The total production estimates of all the mines of Pakistan is estimated at around 1800000 tons anually

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Gypsum

Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O.[3] It can be used as a fertilizer, is the main constituent in many forms of plaster and is widely mined.Gypsum is moderately water-soluble (~2.0–2.5 g/l at 25°C) and, in contrast to most other salts, it exhibits a retrograde solubility, becoming less soluble at higher temperatures. When gypsum is heated in air it loses water and converts first to calcium sulfate hemihydrate

The most common sulphate mineral.

Found as both massive material, including the alabaster variety; and clear crystals, the selenite variety; and, parallel fibrous, the satin spar variety. Typically colourless to white, transparent crystals, thick tabular to lenticular, sometimes prismatic.

Gypsum occurs in nature as flattened and often twinned crystals, and transparent, cleavable masses called selenite. Selenite contains no significant selenium; rather, both substances were named for the ancient Greek word for the Moon.

 Gypsum is a common mineral, with thick and extensive evaporite beds in association with sedimentary rocks. Deposits are known to occur in strata from as far back as the Archaean eon.[9] Gypsum is deposited from lake and sea water, as well as in hot springs, from volcanic vapors, and sulfate solutions in veins. Hydrothermal anhydrite in veins is commonly hydrated to gypsum by groundwater in near-surface exposures. It is often associated with the minerals halite and sulfur. Pure gypsum is white, but other substances found as impurities may give a wide range of colours to local deposits.

Gypsum is also formed as a by-product of sulfide oxidation, amongst others by pyrite oxidation, when the sulfuric acid generated reacts with calcium carbonate. Its presence indicates oxidizing conditions. Under reducing conditions, the sulfates it contains can be reduced back to sulfide by sulfate reducing bacteria. Electric power stations burning coal with flue gas desulfurization produce large quantities of gypsum as a byproduct from the scrubbers

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Minerals

A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and has an ordered atomic structure. It is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. The study of minerals is called mineralogy.

Basic definition

The general definition of a mineral encompasses the following criteria

Naturally occurring

Stable at room temperature

Represented by a chemical formula

Usually abiogenic

Ordered atomic arrangement

The first three general characteristics are less debated than the last two. The first criterion means that a mineral has to form by a natural process, which excludes anthropogenic compounds. Stability at room temperature, in the simplest sense, is synonymous to the mineral being solid. More specifically, a compound has to be stable or metastable at 25°C. Classical examples of exceptions to this rule include native mercury, which crystallizes at −39°C, and water ice, which is solid only below 0°C; as these two minerals were described prior to 1959, they were grandfathered by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA). Modern advances have included extensive study of liquid crystals, which also extensively involve mineralogy. Minerals are chemical compounds, and as such they can be described by fixed or a variable formula. Many mineral groups and species are composed of a solid solution; pure substances are not usually found because of contamination or chemical substitution. For example, the olivine group is described by the variable formula (Mg, Fe)2SiO4, which is a solid solution of two end-member species, magnesium-rich forsterite and iron-rich fayalite, which are described by a fixed chemical formula. Mineral species themselves could have a variable compositions, such as the sulfide mackinawite, (Fe, Ni)9S8, which is mostly a ferrous sulfide, but has a very significant nickel impurity that is reflected in its formula.

A mineral is an element or chemical compound that is normally crystalline and that has been formed as a result of geological processes.

In addition, biogenic substances were explicitly excluded:

“Biogenic substances are chemical compounds produced entirely by biological processes without a geological component (e.g., urinary calculi, oxalate crystals in plant tissues, shells of marine molluscs, etc.) and are not regarded as minerals. However, if geological processes were involved in the genesis of the compound, then the product can be accepted as a mineral.”

Rocks, ores, and gems

Minerals are not equivalent to rocks. Whereas a mineral is a naturally occurring usually solid substance, stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and has an ordered atomic structure, a rock is either an aggregate of one or more minerals, or not composed of minerals at all. Rocks like limestone or quartzite are composed primarily of one mineral—calcite or aragonite in the case of limestone, and quartz in the latter case.[28][29] Other rocks can be defined by relative abundances of key (essential) minerals; a granite is defined by proportions of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase feldspar.[30] The other minerals in the rock are termed accessory, and do not greatly affect the bulk composition of the rock. Rocks can also be composed entirely of non-mineral material; coal is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of organically derived carbon

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